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2024

Adam, Christian and Münch, Matthias and Kleinschnittger, Patrick and Barth, Tobias and Schulz, Arndt-Peter and Bahr, Andreas and Krautschneider, Wolfgang

Rapid prototyping of molds for the encapsulation of electronic implants using additive manufacturing

Artikel in "Transactions on Additive Manufacturing Meets Medicine", vol. 6, Nr. 1, p. 1--8, 2024

Abstract:
Designing encapsulations for medical implants with integrated electronics is very challenging because a solution for several different and partly opposing requirements like biocompatibility, low water permeability, mechanical stability and small dimensions has to be found. This work focusses on epoxy encapsulations, which are conventionally cast using silicone molds. For making these molds, a pattern has to be CNC machined and the silicone mold has to be cast from it. In this paper, a rapid prototyping method is proposed, which uses additively manufactured molds made by an inkjet 3D printer that operates with a silicone-based material. A proof of concept is presented for an electronic osteosynthesis implant, which is successfully encapsulated following the rapid prototyping method and compared to results obtained with the conventional method. The demonstrator was immersed in isotonic saline solution for three weeks without any negative effects on the functionality. The rapid prototyping approach required only 15% of the time needed by the conventional mold making process based on silicone casting and used less material. This shortens design cycles for the optimization of the encapsulation for electronic implants and enables to evaluate more design variations with little additional effort. Moreover, designs with more degrees of freedom are available in the additive manufacturing process. For casting the encapsulation, the same material as for the final implant can be used so that many properties like water permeability and mechanical stability can be evaluated in the early development phase.

BibTeX:
@article{Adam:3D_printed_molds:2024,
author = {Adam and Christian and M{\"u}nch and Matthias and Kleinschnittger and Patrick and Barth and Tobias and Schulz and Arndt-Peter and Bahr and Andreas and Krautschneider and Wolfgang},
title = {{R}apid prototyping of molds for the encapsulation of electronic implants using additive manufacturing},
year = {2024},
month = {09},
journal = {Transactions on Additive Manufacturing Meets Medicine},
number = {1},
pages = {1--8},
volume = {6} }

[Abstract] [BibTeX] [DOI]
Rieseler, Jonas David and Adam, Christian and Bahr, Andreas and Kuhl, Matthias

A Compressed Sensing Integrate-and-Fire Neuron Concept for Massively Parallel Recordings

In Tagungsband "2024 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)", 2024, p. 1--5
ISSN: 2158-1525

Abstract:
A compressed sensing integrate-and-fire neuron concept for massively parallel recordings is presented which expands the fundamental idea of superimposing timely sparse signals for data compression to any kind of continuous-time signals. Merging compressed sensing and amplitude-to-spike conversion, the proposed approach increases the information density and reduces the channel load. Combining multiple data-compressive neurons as a sensing array, further compression can be achieved when the spikes from different recording sites are superimposed on a single transmission channel. Signal reconstruction quality and transmission channel load are investigated to provide a strategy for selecting the design parameters of the proposed system. A proof-of-concept is presented, where a load per recording channel of 1 % under a relative reconstruction error of 0.32 % (SNR = 25 dB) is achieved.

BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Rieseler:Compressed_Sens:2024,
author = {Rieseler and Jonas David and Adam and Christian and Bahr and Andreas and Kuhl and Matthias},
title = {{A} {C}ompressed {S}ensing {I}ntegrate-and-{F}ire {N}euron {C}oncept for {M}assively {P}arallel {R}ecordings},
year = {2024},
month = {05},
booktitle = {2024 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)},
note = {ISSN: 2158-1525},
pages = {1--5} }

[Abstract] [BibTeX] [DOI]
Yang, Cheng and Adam, Christian and Götschel, Sebastian

Complex Near-Field Measurement Using On-The-Fly Scan with In-phase and Quadrature Demodulation

In Tagungsband "2024 15th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)", 2024, p. 181-184
Duisburg, Germany, 2024

Abstract:
Recently, a new near-field measurement technique based on on-the-fly (OTF) scanning and a Hilbert transform (HT) was proposed, allowing for rapid phase retrieval using a single probe. However, because of the required Nyquist rate sampling, this method encounters challenges related to costly data acquisition, storage, and processing demands, thereby restricting its use at MHz and GHz frequencies. In this paper a novel method is proposed, which addresses these issues by introducing in-phase and quadrature (IQ) demodulation in place of the HT. Its inherent frequency down conversion of the measured signal enables sampling at a significantly lower rate. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is employed in a near-field scanner to measure the magnetic fields of two distinct devices under test: a wireless power transmitter and a microstrip line, operating at 125 kHz and 1 GHz, respectively. Measurement results, compared to conventional field measurement approaches, show a good correlation, affirming the suitability of this fast and cost-effective solution for antennas, and RF systems.

BibTeX:
@inproceedings{yang_otf-scan-iq-demod_2024,
author = {Yang and Cheng and Adam and Christian and G{\"o}tschel and Sebastian},
title = {{C}omplex {N}ear-{F}ield {M}easurement {U}sing {O}n-{T}he-{F}ly {S}can with {I}n-phase and {Q}uadrature {D}emodulation},
year = {2024},
month = {03},
booktitle = {2024 15th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)},
note = {Duisburg, Germany, 2024},
pages = {181-184} }

[Abstract] [BibTeX] [DOI]

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2023

Yang, Cheng and Adam, Christian and Götschel, Sebastian

Single-probe Near-field Phase Retrieval using On-The-Fly Scan and Hilbert Transform

In Tagungsband "2023 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility – EMC Europe", 2023, p. 1--6
ISSN: 2325-0364

Abstract:
A novel near-field measurement method is proposed for fast phase retrieval using a single probe. The method is based on a new understanding of the on-the-fly (OTF) scan process as a spatio-temporal sampling operation of near-field responses. As a result, the near-field measurement is interpreted as a signal modulation of a source signal and a variable spatio-temporal function defined by the field responses and the motion of the probe. To retrieve the complex field responses, the Hilbert Transform (HT) is utilized for envelope and phase demodulation of signals recorded by an oscilloscope. To demonstrate the proof of concept, both numerical and experimental examples are provided with a detailed description of the method implementation. Measurement-to-measurement correlations at 125 kHz are conducted using a six-axis industry robot with multiple probes and instruments, showing its efficiency, effectiveness, and flexibility. Compared to conventional near-field measurement methods, the proposed method allows 90% reduction of measurement time and achieves a relative accuracy of phase retrieval above 96% with a simplified measurement setup, opening up new opportunities for near-field measurement applications.

BibTeX:
@inproceedings{yang_single-probe_2023,
author = {Yang and Cheng and Adam and Christian and G{\"o}tschel and Sebastian},
title = {{S}ingle-probe {N}ear-field {P}hase {R}etrieval using {O}n-{T}he-{F}ly {S}can and {H}ilbert {T}ransform},
year = {2023},
month = {09},
booktitle = {2023 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility – EMC Europe},
note = {ISSN: 2325-0364},
pages = {1--6} }

[Abstract] [BibTeX] [DOI]
Singer, Julian A. and Stramm, Till and Fasel, Jens and Schween, Oliver and Gelaeschus, Anton and Bahr, Andreas and Kuhl, Matthias

Flexible Polymer Optical Waveguides for Integrated Optogenetic Brain Implants

In Tagungsband "2023 IEEE 36th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems Conference (MEMS)", 2023
2023 IEEE 36th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems Conference (MEMS)

Abstract:
This paper presents a manufacturing process for flexible optical waveguides made of biocompatible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to be attached to future optogenetic implants. Based on a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), the system uses integrated single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) as sensors for fluorescence imaging (FI) and post-CMOS micro light-emitting diodes (µLEDs) for stimulation [1]. Attaching fibers to SPADs and µLEDs to collect and distribute light from and to deeper brain layers can unfold previously unachieved medical applications. Two technologies for biocompatible waveguide manufacturing are presented: thin-film and molding. Such a combination of integrated bidirectional implantable ASICs with custom waveguide manufacturing is not limited to medical scenarios but opens up a broad field of applications.

BibTeX:
@inproceedings{mems23singer,
author = {Singer and Julian A. and Stramm and Till and Fasel and Jens and Schween and Oliver and Gelaeschus and Anton and Bahr and Andreas and Kuhl and Matthias},
title = {{F}lexible {P}olymer {O}ptical {W}aveguides for {I}ntegrated {O}ptogenetic {B}rain {I}mplants},
year = {2023},
booktitle = {2023 IEEE 36th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems Conference (MEMS)},
note = {2023 IEEE 36th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems Conference (MEMS)} }

[Abstract] [BibTeX]
Kim Allinger, Matthias Kuhl

A closed-loop 12bit CMOS-integrated stress sensor system with 4bit adjustable sensitivity from 178-11kPa/LSB at up to 22.5kSa/s and 5bit dynamic range adjustment

In Tagungsband "2023 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)", 2023
February 19-23, 2023 San Francisco, CA

Abstract:

BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Kim_ISSCC_2023,
author = {Kim Allinger and Matthias Kuhl},
title = {{A} closed-loop 12bit {C}{M}{O}{S}-integrated stress sensor system with 4bit adjustable sensitivity from 178-11k{P}a/{L}{S}{B} at up to 22.5k{S}a/s and 5bit dynamic range adjustment},
year = {2023},
booktitle = {2023 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)},
note = {February 19-23, 2023 San Francisco, CA} }

[BibTeX]
Mohammad Sadeghi, Eric Elzenheimer, Henrik Wolframm, Johan Arbustini, Angeles De la Cruz-García, Christine Selhuber-Unkel, Andreas Bahr, Michael Höft, Gerhard Schmidt, Franz Faupel

Quantitative Evaluation of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Bio-imaging by Magnetoelectric Thin-Film Sensor

In Tagungsband "57th DGBMT Annual Conference on Biomedical Engineering", 2023
26.-28.09.2023, Duisburg, Germany (accepted)

Abstract:

BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Bahr2023,
author = {Mohammad Sadeghi and Eric Elzenheimer and Henrik Wolframm and Johan Arbustini and Angeles De la Cruz-García and Christine Selhuber-Unkel and Andreas Bahr and Michael H{\"o}ft and Gerhard Schmidt and Franz Faupel},
title = {{Q}uantitative {E}valuation of {M}agnetic {N}anoparticles for {B}io-imaging by {M}agnetoelectric {T}hin-{F}ilm {S}ensor},
year = {2023},
booktitle = {57th DGBMT Annual Conference on Biomedical Engineering},
note = {26.-28.09.2023, Duisburg, Germany (accepted)} }

[BibTeX]
MD Wasif Absar, Anton Gelaeschus, Julian Singer, Andreas Bahr

Ultra-Low Frequency Digital Controlled Oscillator using CMOS Thyristor Based Delay Elements

In Tagungsband "Analog Workshop 2023", 2023
Analog Workshop, München, 2023

Abstract:

BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Paper:Absar:2023,
author = {MD Wasif Absar and Anton Gelaeschus and Julian Singer and Andreas Bahr},
title = {{U}ltra-{L}ow {F}requency {D}igital {C}ontrolled {O}scillator using {C}{M}{O}{S} {T}hyristor {B}ased {D}elay {E}lements},
year = {2023},
booktitle = {Analog Workshop 2023},
note = {Analog Workshop, M{\"u}nchen, 2023} }

[BibTeX]

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2022

Barth, Tobias and Münch, Matthias and Seide, Klaus and Adam, Christian and Krautschneider, Wolfgang and Schulz, Arndt-Peter

Additive manufactured versus traditional osteosynthesis plates - a finite element analysis

Artikel in "Transactions on Additive Manufacturing Meets Medicine", vol. 4, Nr. 1, p. 644--644, 2022
Number: 1

Abstract:
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is rapidly gaining acceptance in healthcare. Due to 3D printing of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) constructions almost any complex geometry, e. g. bio-mimicking implants or light-weight hollow implant bodies, can be produced. In this paper a direct comparison between PEEK and titanium osteosynthesis plates is achieved with a finite element analysis. By that, pros and cons of PEEK as implant material are discussed and different use cases are identified. For the comparison a generic osteosynthesis plate for diaphysis is designed. The exceeding of the yield strength even at low bending and torsional loads highlights the problems that occur when applying PEEK implants at locations which are affected by moderate mechanical loads. Since fracture stabilisation is the main function of osteosynthesis plates, stiffness is a highly relevant property of these. Therefore, a direct exchange of titanium to PEEK would increase the risk of non-union. Thus, a different structure or an improved material, e. g. carbon fibre PEEK composite, is required for loaded locations to replace metallic implants.

BibTeX:
@article{barth:additive:2022,
author = {Barth and Tobias and M{\"u}nch and Matthias and Seide and Klaus and Adam and Christian and Krautschneider and Wolfgang and Schulz and Arndt-Peter},
title = {{A}dditive manufactured versus traditional osteosynthesis plates - a finite element analysis},
year = {2022},
month = {09},
journal = {Transactions on Additive Manufacturing Meets Medicine},
note = {Number: 1},
number = {1},
pages = {644--644},
volume = {4} }

[Abstract] [BibTeX] [DOI]
Patrick Kleinschnittger, Andreas Bahr, Wolfang Krautschneider

Anregungsimpulsbasierte Impedanzspektroskopie alkalischer und erdalkalischer Lösungen

aug 2022
Beim Biosignale Workshop 2022

Abstract:
Die Impedanzspektroskopie ermöglicht interessante Anwendungen bei der Analyse von biologischem Material. Da bei einer Messung die Superposition aller die Impedanz beeinflussenden Effekte gemessen wird, ist die Interpretation der Messergebnisse häufig sehr schwierig, eine Untersuchung einzelner Bestandteile einer Probe nur bedingt möglich. Eine mögliche Lösung dieses Problems stellt die anregungsimpulsbasierte Impedanzspektroskopie dar. Bei diesem neuen Messverfahren wird ein monophasischer Rechteckpotentialimpuls an die Probe angelegt und die Stromantwort des Systems gemessen. In dieser Arbeit werden vier verschiedene Ionenlösungen verglichen. Basierend auf dem Relaxationsverhalten der Lösungen kann zwischen alkalischen und erdalkalischen Lösungen unterschieden werden.

BibTeX:
@misc{Kleinschnittger:Impedanz:2022,
author = {Patrick Kleinschnittger and Andreas Bahr and Wolfang Krautschneider},
title = {{A}nregungsimpulsbasierte {I}mpedanzspektroskopie alkalischer und erdalkalischer {L}{\"o}sungen},
year = {2022},
month = {08},
howpublished = {Workshop Beitrag},
note = {Beim Biosignale Workshop 2022} }

[Abstract] [BibTeX]
Nico Hinz, Julius Dehoust, Matthias Münch, Klaus Seide, Tobias Barth, Arndt Peter Schulz, Karl-Heinz Frosch, Maximilian Hartel

Biomechanical analysis of fixation methods in acetabular fractures : a systematic review of test setups

Artikel in "European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery", vol. 48, p. 3541-3560, 2022

Abstract:

BibTeX:
@article{Barth:Fracturefixation:2022,
author = {Nico Hinz and Julius Dehoust and Matthias M{\"u}nch and Klaus Seide and Tobias Barth and Arndt Peter Schulz and Karl-Heinz Frosch and Maximilian Hartel},
title = {{B}iomechanical analysis of fixation methods in acetabular fractures : a systematic review of test setups},
year = {2022},
month = {03},
journal = {European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery},
pages = {3541-3560},
volume = {48} }

[BibTeX] [DOI]
Lukas Rennpferdt, Patrick Kleinschnittger, Andreas Bahr, Hoc Khiem Trieu

3D printed silicone spinal cord implant withsub-millimeter feature size

Artikel in "Transactions on Additive Manufacturing Meets Medicine", vol. 4, Nr. 1, 2022

Abstract:
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to the dysfunction of nerve fibers by hemi- or complete transection, resulting in permanent paraplegia. In recent years, a number of therapies have been developed to treat spinal cord injury. A mechanical microconnector system (mMS) that supports the regeneration of nerve fibers after SCI through a combination of different therapies was designed in previous works. For this implantable mMS with minimum feature size of a few hundreds of micrometers, it is essential to provide fast, flexible, three-dimensional fabrication. This paper describes a new fabrication method of the mMS made of silicone using additive manufacturing based on a commercially available material jetting printer. The application of this technology advances the fabrication and adaptability of mMS in terms of higher elasticity of the implant using silicone and additionally with respect to high customizability and rapid prototyping using additive manufacturing. We show the successful adaption and realization of a silicone-based mMS dimensioned for a human model with structure sizes down to 300 μm. We elaborate the advantages and disadvantages of additive, silicone-based 3D printing for this application in comparison to molding-based and subtractive 3D printing methods, thus demonstrating the relevance of this technology for medical application.

BibTeX:
@article{Rennpferdt:3D-Druck:2022,
author = {Lukas Rennpferdt and Patrick Kleinschnittger and Andreas Bahr and Hoc Khiem Trieu},
title = {3{D} printed silicone spinal cord implant withsub-millimeter feature size},
year = {2022},
journal = {Transactions on Additive Manufacturing Meets Medicine},
number = {1},
volume = {4} }

[Abstract] [BibTeX] [DOI]

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2021

Adam, Christian and Barth, Tobias and Münch, Matthias and Seide, Klaus and Krautschneider, Wolfgang H.

An Electronic Osteosynthesis Implant for Continuous Load Monitoring using a Strain Gauge

In Tagungsband "2021 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)", 2021, p. 01-06
2021 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), Berlin, 7.-9. October 2021

Abstract:
The utilization of strain gauges for monitoring the applied mechanical load to osteosynthesis plates using electronic implants was reported several times in literature. The technique was found to provide valuable information for monitoring the fracture healing process and for improving the rehabilitation. This paper introduces a new electronic osteosynthesis implant, which uses supercapacitors as an energy storage for short term autonomous operation. Moreover, a bluetooth low energy (BLE) transceiver is integrated into the system, which covers larger distances and is less sensitive to misalignment than the commonly used inductive data transmission. This improves the usability of the proposed system for the patients. The system can continuously sample and transmit strain values at a sampling rate of 5 Hz for more than 10 min without being recharged. More than 60 cm of distance in any practically relevant direction can be covered by the BLE data transmission if the implant is placed 5 cm deep in a phantom. The implant dimensions of 20 mm x 16 mm still fit on osteosynthesis plates for larger bones.

BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Adam:Osteosynthesis:2021,
author = {Adam and Christian and Barth and Tobias and M{\"u}nch and Matthias and Seide and Klaus and Krautschneider and Wolfgang H.},
title = {{A}n {E}lectronic {O}steosynthesis {I}mplant for {C}ontinuous {L}oad {M}onitoring using a {S}train {G}auge},
year = {2021},
month = {10},
booktitle = {2021 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)},
note = {2021 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), Berlin, 7.-9. October 2021},
pages = {01-06} }

[Abstract] [BibTeX] [DOI]
Faragalla, Mohamed and Krautschneider, Wolfgang and Kuhl, Matthias

Low-Leakage Differential-Drive Rectifier as 13.56 MHz Inductive Energy Harvester for Deep Medical Implants with Field Exposure Compliance

In Tagungsband "2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)", 2021, p. 1-5
Korea, 22-28 May 2021

Abstract:
In this paper, we present a 13.56 MHz energy harvester for arterial pressure measurement implants placed at deep distances in human bodies. A 50 Î¼m diameter thin wire is used to fabricate a 150-turn solenoid coil around a PCB stripe with a cross-sectional area of 1.35 Ï‡ 1 mm². The solenoid has a length of 12 mm, low-frequency inductance of 4.75 Î¼Î—, and series resistance of 8 Î©. With this coil and an 11-stage modified differential-drive rectifier, our harvester achieved 698 nW (-31.56 dBm) sensitivity for unloaded output voltage of 1.88 V and maximum receiver efficiency of >72% at -23.5 dBm available power using 0.0228 mm² silicon area in 180 nm technology. A transmission distance of 21 cm was reached under compliance with the field exposure levels set by the IEEE Std. C95.1-2019.

BibTeX:
@inproceedings{9401629,
author = {Faragalla and Mohamed and Krautschneider and Wolfgang and Kuhl and Matthias},
title = {{L}ow-{L}eakage {D}ifferential-{D}rive {R}ectifier as 13.56 {M}{H}z {I}nductive {E}nergy {H}arvester for {D}eep {M}edical {I}mplants with {F}ield {E}xposure {C}ompliance},
year = {2021},
month = {05},
booktitle = {2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)},
note = {Korea, 22-28 May 2021},
pages = {1-5} }

[Abstract] [BibTeX] [DOI]
Singer, Julian A. and Gelaeschus, Anton and Schuster, Christian and Trieu, Hoc Khiem and Kuhl, Matthias

Integrierte optoelektronische Systeme basierend auf hochempfindlichen Einzelphotonendetektoren für optogenetische Anwendungen

In Tagungsband "Mikroelektronik, Mikrosystemtechnik und ihre Anwendungen - Innovative Produkte fÃ¼r zukunftsfahige Markte - MikroSystemTechnik Congress 2021", 2021, p. 212--215
MST Kongress 2021

Abstract:

BibTeX:
@inproceedings{mst21singer,
author = {Singer and Julian A. and Gelaeschus and Anton and Schuster and Christian and Trieu and Hoc Khiem and Kuhl and Matthias},
title = {{I}ntegrierte optoelektronische {S}ysteme basierend auf hochempfindlichen {E}inzelphotonendetektoren f{\"u}r optogenetische {A}nwendungen},
year = {2021},
booktitle = {Mikroelektronik, Mikrosystemtechnik und ihre Anwendungen - Innovative Produkte fÃ¼r zukunftsfahige Markte - MikroSystemTechnik Congress 2021},
note = {MST Kongress 2021},
pages = {212--215} }

[BibTeX]

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2020

Kuhl, Juliane and Mendoza Ponce, Pablo Daniel and Krautschneider, Wolfgang and Krause, Dieter

Additively manufactured anatomical heart model for performance evaluation of aortic valve implants

Artikel in "Transactions on Additive Manufacturing Meets Medicine", vol. 2, Nr. 1, 2020

Abstract:

BibTeX:
@article{kuhl2020additively,
author = {Kuhl and Juliane and Mendoza Ponce and Pablo Daniel and Krautschneider and Wolfgang and Krause and Dieter},
title = {{A}dditively manufactured anatomical heart model for performance evaluation of aortic valve implants},
year = {2020},
month = {09},
journal = {Transactions on Additive Manufacturing Meets Medicine},
number = {1},
volume = {2} }

[BibTeX]
Pablo Mendoza Ponce, Gayas Sayed, Lait Abu Saleh, Wolfgang H. Krautschneider and Matthias Kuhl

A 1.9 nW Timer and Clock Generation Unit for Low Data-Rate Implantable Medical Devices

In Tagungsband "LASCAS 2020 - 11th IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems" der IEEE, 2020
San José, Costa Rica, 25-28 February 2020

Abstract:
This work presents a thyristor-based low power timer for wake up control of implantable monitoring devices, as well as a clock generation unit based on said approach. By using CMOS thyristors as delay elements in a ring oscillator, major drawbacks of conventional ring oscillators, such as a high stage count of inverters and capacitors with large currents flowing to ground during switching, can be overcome. This is particularly relevant for low frequency generation where these issues become even more critical in terms of power and area. Thyristors generate larger delays per stage while presenting a faster transition when switching between states, when compared to a typical CMOS inverter, an thus demand a smaller dynamic power. Timer, clock gating control and clock generation units were combined, implemented, and fabricated in 350nm CMOS technology. The timer is able to wake up the clocking system (and hence a digital control unit) every 32.45 s with a power budget of less than 2nW, while the clock generation unit produces a signal of 8.2 kHz.

BibTeX:
@inproceedings{MendozaPonce:LASCASTimer:2020,
author = {Pablo Mendoza Ponce and Gayas Sayed and Lait Abu Saleh and Wolfgang H. Krautschneider and Matthias Kuhl},
title = {{A} 1.9 n{W} {T}imer and {C}lock {G}eneration {U}nit for {L}ow {D}ata-{R}ate {I}mplantable {M}edical {D}evices},
year = {2020},
month = {02},
booktitle = {LASCAS 2020 - 11th IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems},
note = {San José, Costa Rica, 25-28 February 2020},
organization = {IEEE} }

[Abstract] [BibTeX]
Johan Solis-Arbustini, Pablo Mendoza-Ponce, Wolfgang H. Krautschneider and Matthias Kuhl

A 16-bits Pressure Sensing Interface Integrating a 460 fJ/conv Incremental Sigma Delta ADC for Medical Devices

In Tagungsband "LASCAS 2020 - 11th IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems" der IEEE, 2020
San José, Costa Rica, 25-28 February 2020

Abstract:
This work presents an incremental 2nd-order sigma delta using a single operational transconductance amplifier. This design provides a good trade-off between time conversion, high bit resolution, power consumption and area utilization for a pressure sensing reading interface. The modulator, designed in 180nm CMOS technology, has been optimized for low area utilization, occupying only 0:058mm2. Post-layout simulations were performed showing a resolution of 150 μV while consuming 120 μW and 460 fJ=conv. The system has a resolution of 16 bits, a bandwidth of 2kHz, an oversampling ratio of 512 and a sampling frequency of 2MHz.

BibTeX:
@inproceedings{Arbustini:LASCAS:2020,
author = {Johan Solis-Arbustini and Pablo Mendoza-Ponce and Wolfgang H. Krautschneider and Matthias Kuhl},
title = {{A} 16-bits {P}ressure {S}ensing {I}nterface {I}ntegrating a 460 f{J}/conv {I}ncremental {S}igma {D}elta {A}{D}{C} for {M}edical {D}evices},
year = {2020},
month = {02},
booktitle = {LASCAS 2020 - 11th IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems},
note = {San José, Costa Rica, 25-28 February 2020},
organization = {IEEE} }

[Abstract] [BibTeX]

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